The entrance and exit to the Holland Tunnel was designed in the 1920s, at a time when traffic volumes were a fraction of what they are today. In addition, since the 1980s, Jersey City rail yards and warehouses have been transformed into a modern urban environment of high-rise upscale buildings. Currently, traffic using the tunnel connects to and from the New Jersey Turnpike extension and Route 139 at-grade via the local street network through a series of signalized intersections. Local traffic mixes with tunnel traffic and vehicles bound for the Jersey City waterfront. As the volume of traffic using the tunnel and traveling to the waterfront has grown over the years, the character of 12th and 14th Streets has changed significantly. Both streets accommodate multiple lanes of one-way traffic that is out of scale with surrounding Jersey City neighborhoods. Traffic along 12th and 14th frequently queues for long distances disrupting the flow of local north-south traffic.