The primary goal of this proposal is to develop a robust charging system for battery electric buses considering economic and environmental impacts. Case studies will be conducted on the selected NJ Transit bus routes focusing on three charging system design scenarios: depot charging, on-route charging, and hybrid charging that can provide equivalent energy supply and transit service. The research results will help NJ Transit develop the deployment strategy of charging infrastructure and refine the plan of garage modification in the future for a full zero-emission bus system.

The intended outcome of the project is to develop a sound methodology to help NJ Transit select the most appropriate charging system design with less life-cycle cost and carbon footprint.